The Holy Quran.
Ahmadi, M., Hosseini, A., & Rezazadeh, F. (2017). Professional media ethics in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Concepts and examples. Communication Research Quarterly, 23(3), 75-98.
Afhami, M., & Niroumand, L. (2024). The effect of audience media literacy in countering fake news from experts' perspective. Political-Social Studies of Iranian History and Culture, 3(1), 153-175.
Eskandari, N., et al. (2023). The impact of global media on cultural identity and indigenous values. Media and Culture Quarterly, 15(1), 70-80.
Emami, M. (2022). Media literacy and digital ethics. Qom: Islamic Propagation Office Publications.
Hosseinzadeh, A. (2021). Islamic ethics and media policymaking. Quarterly Journal of Culture and Communication Studies, (5).
Hosseini, A. (2022). Information fatigue and the decline of civic participation in cyberspace. Media Sociology Quarterly, 9(1), 90-98.
Hakimzadeh, S. M., & Bahrami, M. (2021). A conceptual framework for countering misinformation on social media: A COVID-19 case study. Quarterly Journal of Social Sciences and Media Research, 12(2), 210-225.
Jafari, A., et al. (2023). The role of media literacy and digital ethics education in reducing harmful behaviors on social networks. Media and Society Quarterly, 35(1), 50-60.
Rezaei, M. (2018). Media ethics and its requirements in the communication system. Media Studies Quarterly, 12(2), 45-68.
Rahimzadeh Hanachi, E., Nasrollahi Kasmani, A., Soltanifar, M., & Mozaffari, A. (2024). Identifying themes of rumors and fake news on social networks regarding COVID-19. Media Quarterly, 35(2), 5-32.
Zare, A., Mousavi, N., & Rahimi, S. (2021). Examining adherence to professional ethics principles in the news of Iran's official news agencies. Media Research Quarterly, 19(2), 133-156.
Sarukhani, B. (2019). Sociology of communication. Tehran: Etela'at.
Soleimani, Z. (2022). Digital rights and privacy in cyberspace. Tehran: Mizan Publications.
Shokri, M. (2023). Media ethics and cyberspace. Tehran: Institute for Culture, Art and Communication Publications.
Tabarsi, H. ibn F. (1426 AH). Makarim al-Akhlaq [The Noble Traits of Character]. Qom: Sharif Razi Publications.
Abbasi, R. (2023). Social responsibility of media in cyberspace. Tehran: Mizan Publications.
Ghazali, M. ibn M. (1426 AH). Ihya' Ulum al-Din [The Revival of the Religious Sciences]. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Karami, H., et al. (2021). User psychology and motivations for spreading fake news on social networks. Journal of Communication and Media Sciences, 9(1), 125-135.
Kazemi, M. (2022). Media ethics and cyberspace. Tehran: Imam Sadiq University.
Karimi, M., et al. (2023). Social responsibility of digital platforms and the dissemination of harmful content. Journal of Communication and Media Sciences, 10(2), 90-102.
Majlesi, M. B. (1403 AH). Bihar al-Anwar [Oceans of Light]. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
Mohammadi, H., & Karimi, Z. (2019). The impact of professional media ethics on building collective trust. Social Sciences Quarterly, 15(1), 101-123.
Moradi, A. (2021). Professional ethics in mass media. Tehran: Institute for Culture, Art and Communication Publications.
Moradi, E., Labbafi, S. H., & Khajeheian, D. (2024). Institutional analysis of transaction costs in regulating the media platform ecosystem in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 14(51, Special Issue), 78-101.
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. (n.d.). Sahih Muslim. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Motahhari, M. (2004). Islamic moral teachings. Tehran: Sadra.
Najafi, E. (2022). Media literacy and the ability to identify cultural and value-based content in cyberspace. Journal of Media Education and Research, 8(2), 60-72.
Naraqi, M. M. (2008). Jami' al-Sa'adat [The Comprehensive Book of Happiness]. Qom: Hejrat Publications.
Nourbakhsh, R., et al. (2023). A framework for informational justice in rumor detection systems. Tehran: Institute for Information and Communication Technology Publications.
Nourmoshrefi, A., & Ahmadi, S. (2023). Analyzing the trend of fake news dissemination on Iranian social networks. Media Quarterly, 34(4), 48-53.
Nasiri, M., Rezvani, Z., & Ahmadi, S. (2023). Cultural identity and new media. Tehran: Imam Sadiq University Publications.
Roshandel Arbatani, T. (2016). Media policymaking. Tehran: Mizan Publishing.
Ess, C. (2020). Digital Media Ethics. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ward, S. (2018). Ethics and the Media: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
UNESCO. (2021). Internet Governance & Ethics Reports. Paris: UNESCO.
Zacka, B. (2017). When the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Weber, E. T. (2011). Morality, Leadership, and Public Policy: On Experimentalism in Ethics. London: Continuum.
DQ] Banga, A. (2021). Decency Quotient: The Missing Link in Leadership. Mastercard Leadership Summit.
CLSBE Lisbon. (2026). Social media: freedom without rules or communication without responsibility? Católica-Lisbon. Available at: https://clsbe.lisboa. ucp.pt/news/social-media-freedom-without-rules-or-communication-without-responsibility
Freeman, B. C. (2025). From Broadcasters to Platforms: Governments Reclaiming the Regulatory Space. Sunway University. Available.
Jahangir, A. (2025). Regulators at the edge. The News, July 8, 2025. Available at: https://www.thenews.com.pk/amp/1327046-regulators-at-the-edge.
Perez, O., & Wimer, N. (2026). Algorithmic Constitutionalism. arXiv, 2606.12437. Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.12437.
Senftleben, M., Irion, K., McGonagle, T., & Poort, J. (2026). Lost in Capture: How and Why the European Union Lost the Battle for Media Freedom in Europe. In The Cambridge Handbook of Media Law and Policy in Europe. Cambridge University Press.